43 湖南省地方标准 ICS CCS 65.060 B 93 DB43/T2276—2021 发 布 湖南省市场监督管理局2021-12发布-29 2022-03实施-29油茶果机械化采收技术规程 Technical specification for mechanized harvesting of Camellia Oleifera Abel DB43/T 2276—2021 I 目 次 前言 ································ ································ ································ ························ Ⅲ 1 范围 ································ ································ ································ ····················· 1 2 规范性引用文件 ································ ································ ································ ······ 1 3 术语和定义 ································ ································ ································ ············ 1 4 作业条件 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 1 4.1 机械化采收对种植土地和种植的要求 ································ ································ ····· 1 4.2 机耕道 ································ ································ ································ ············ 2 4.3 品种配置要求 ································ ································ ································ ··· 2 4.4 油茶树形条件 ································ ································ ································ ··· 2 4.5 气候条件 ································ ································ ································ ········· 2 4.6 采收时期 ································ ································ ································ ········· 2 4.7 其他条件 ································ ································ ································ ········· 2 5 采收作业前要求 ································ ································ ································ ······ 2 5.1 机手 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 2 5.2 机具准备 ································ ································ ································ ········· 2 6 采收流程 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 3 7 安全要求 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 3 8 机具维修保养 ································ ································ ································ ········· 3 8.1 常规保养 ································ ································ ································ ········· 3 8.2 入库保养 ································ ································ ································ ········· 3 DB43/T 2276—2021 II DB43/T 2276—2021 III 前 言 本文件按照 GB/T 1.1 —2020《标准化工作导则 第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规 定起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由湖南省农机事务中心提出。 本文件由湖南省农业机械标准化技术委员会归口。 本文件起草单位：中南林业科技大学。 本文件起草人：高自成、杨蹈宇、廖凯、李立君、颜中玉、袁德义、闵淑辉、汤刚车、万斌、赵青、 陈飞。 DB43/T 2276—2021 IV DB43/T 2276—2021 1 油茶果机械化采收技术规程 1 范围 本文件规定了油茶果机械化采收的作业条件、作 业前要求、采收流程、安全要求、机具维修保养等 内容。 本文件适用于油茶果机械化采收。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件 中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。 其中， 注日期的引用文件， 仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件； 不注日期的引用文件， 其最新版本 （包括所有的修改单） 适用于本文件。 DB43/T 1015 —2015 油茶种植机械化作业技术规程 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 油茶果采收机 camellia oleifera fruit harvester 用于机械化 采收油茶果的机具，以下简称采收机。 3.2 林间机械通道 road for harvester passing 油茶林行间用于采收机通过的通道，是平整的自然泥土道路，以下简称林间通道。 4 作业条件 4.1 机械化采收对种植土地和种植的要求 4.1.1 种植土地要求 以海拔600 m以下，相对高度 200 m以下，坡度 25°以下的梯土或全垦缓坡地 为宜。 4.1.2 种植要求 应成行种植。 4.1.3 种植密度 机械化采收油茶林的种植密度如下 : a） 全垦缓坡地 ——新造林：宽行4 m，窄行2.5 m，宽窄行相间；株距 2.5 m； ——已有油茶林 ：应进行改造并满足以下要求：行距 3 m～4 m，株距2.5 m～3 m。 DB43/T 2276—2021 2 b） 梯土 对于种植在梯土上的油茶林： 种植单行时， 林间通道应设于靠近山坡的里侧， 油茶树主干离梯背 （山 坡边）应不小于 1.5 m；种植两行时，林间通道不小于 1.8 m；种植3行以上的，视同缓坡地。 4.2 机耕道 4.2.1 所有机耕道的全程坡度均应不大于 25°。 4.2.2 行距为4 m时,行间应留出 2.5 m作为行间机耕道，该范围内不得进行起垄等作业，且应无灌木、 乔木、泥石、杂草等；行间 机耕道即为林间土地，应基本平整；行间机耕道坡度应不大于 15°、倾斜 度应不大于 10°。 4.2.3 上山